Objective: This study investigated the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship of perceived stress with physiological well-being and self-care behaviors among patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective: The thyroid gland is susceptible to the formation of nodules. Therefore, due to the critical role of selenium in the function of the thyroid gland, the impact of this element on the size and volume of this organ and its nodules were examined. Materials and Methods: During three months, two groups consisting of 30 patients with benign thyroid nodules who were referred to Baghaeipour Endocrinology Clinic were given daily doses of 100 and 200 micrograms of selenium, and a control group of 30 people without selenium consumption were assessed. Results: The results of intergroup analysis detected that the mean (±SD) of nodules length in the 100 µg selenium consumer group was 17.13 (±7.9) and 14.93 (±6.01) before and after intervention respectively (P= 0.008). About the nodules height in the 200 µg selenium consumer group, the mean (±SD) was 9.3 (±2.8) and 8.93 (±2.71) before and after intervention in that order (P= 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that selenium has been effective in the size and volume of the nodule and thyroid gland, as well as the TSH hormone, and further studies are needed to determine its therapeutic approach and efficacy.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) also known as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder that is rapidly becoming a worldwide concern with severe economic, social, and health consequences. Diabetes is a collection of metabolic illnesses defined by hyperglycemia that results due to abnormalities in the secretion of insulin, its action, or a combination of the two. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), there were around 387 million diabetics worldwide in 2014, with that number anticipated to climb to 592 million by 2035.

Objective: Standard compression stockings are used to create elastic pressure in correcting and maintaining the hemodynamics of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and prevent limb swelling in patients with DVT. This study aimed to compare the effect of aerobic exercise with lower extremity elastic pressure on some hematological features of obese patients with DVT. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 33 obese men (30=BMI=36) with DVT were randomly divided into three groups: 1) aerobic exercise with elastic pressure, 2) aerobic exercise without elastic pressure, 3) control group. Interventions were performed for 8 weeks of running in 55-70% of heart rate reserve. To create elastic pressure, elastic socks were used during exercise. Fasting blood samples were taken before and 48 hours after the last training session to compare red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, and white blood cells (WBC) between the groups. ANOVA statistical test and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare data. Results: Although aerobic exercise alone did not lead to changes in variables (P> 0.05), aerobic exercise with elastic pressure reduced RBC (P: 0.001), hemoglobin (P: 0.001), hematocrit (P: 0.001) and platelets (P: 0.001). But changes in WBC were not significant (P: 0.192). Conclusion: Aerobic exercises with elastic pressure on the lower limb muscles play an important role in re-balancing homeostasis. The erythrocyte systems changes of peripheral blood and reducing hematological factors and reduces hematological parameters in people with DVT are the main factor.

Objective: The healing effects of two different dilutions (5 & 100%) of N-Chromosome Royal Jelly and ANGIPARS ointment were investigated and measured on experimental injuries in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. This study investigated the healing effects of 2 different N Chromosome Royal Jelly dilutions on injuries of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: For diabetes induction, male Wistar rats received STZ (55 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and plasma glucose level measurement after 72 hours demonstrated diabetes induction. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 members and one square centimeter (cm2) wound was surgically induced in the dorsal region of each rat. The test groups were treated with ANGIPARS, undiluted royal jelly N chromosome, and royal jelly N chromosome 5% separately. The control groups were including non-diabetic and untreated diabetic rats. Results: The findings indicate a significant acceleration in wound healing of the diabetic rats treated by ANGIPARS ointment or royal jelly N chromosomes 5%. RJ also shortened the healing period of desquamated skin lesions. Thus, RJ possesses an anti-inflammatory action and is able to augment wound healing, but does not have an insulin-like action in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Conclusion: Regarding the mentioned findings, royal jelly as a natural product may play an effective role in treating chronic wounds in mice, which makes it a proper candidate for use in human wound repair. Nonetheless, it seems that determination of the suitable dilution of this compound will result in better effects, thus more studies are recommended.

Objective: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Exercise and anti-oxidant supplements are two potential approaches to delay the development of T2DM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction effects of spirulina supplementation and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in inactive women with T2DM. Materials and Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. Our study subjects were 55 women with T2DM (age of 51.95 ± 5.57 years and BMI of 30.55 ± 4.63 kg/m2) that were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1- exercise and spirulina (n= 15), 2- spirulina (n= 15), 3- placebo (n= 15), 4-control (n= 10) without exercise and supplementation. Participants received 2 grams spirulina supplement per day. Training program included three sessions pre-week walking and running on a treadmill for 4 weeks, each session consisted of 10 minutes of warming and 10 minutes of cooling with a 50-70% HRR intensity and 25 minutes of HIIT (The training interval of 4-minute sections with 85-95 % HRR intensity and 3-minute active rest sections, with 50-70 % HRR intensity). All evaluations were performed with SPSS statistical software using analysis of covariance to assess between-group differences and t-test to assess within-group differences. Results: Our study results showed that the plasma level of MDA decreased significantly in the exercise + placebo group compared to the control group (P= 0.03). However, the level of TAC was not changed significantly in our experimental groups compared to the control group (P= 0.7). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study the spirulina supplementation and HIIT can be good stimuli for reducing oxidative stress in women with T2DM.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as one of the most critical health issues and leading causes of death worldwide. This disease is associated with macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications. The prevention of DM and its complications is always essential. In recent years, due to the known biological properties of some foods, the tendency to consume these foods has increased. This narrative review showed the effect of cinnamon, ginseng, thyme, sesame oil, fenugreek, saffron, aloe vera, garlic, ginger, turmeric, and green tea on improving insulin sensitivity, reducing blood sugar, blood lipid, and blood pressure, and regulating metabolism. Therefore, it is suggested that these nutraceuticals could be considered in the special food formulation of diabetic patients. It seems that the anti-diabetic properties of nutraceutical interest of diabetic persons specify their potential role in improving insulin sensitivity, lowering blood sugar, blood lipid, and blood pressure, and regulating metabolism.

Objective: The burden of obesity is currently enormous, necessitating a novel strategy to complement the existing ones. Accordingly, genetic predisposition is suspected in many cases of the disease, which can potentially be used as therapeutic targets. However, there are differing viewpoints on the suspect genes, prompting the current review to articulate the genes and their mechanisms. Eight (16%) of the genes singularly predispose humans to obesity (called monogenic obesity), 22 (43%) interact with other genes and the environment to predispose humans to obesity (called polygenic obesity), and 21 (41%) cause syndromic obesity. Monogenic obesity is often caused by three genes [the leptin (LEP), the leptin receptor (LEPR), and the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) genes], polygenic obesity [fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene], and syndromic obesity (Prader-Willi Syndrome). These genes control food intake and energy expenditure, and so mutations in them cause overeating, adiposity, and hyperphagia. Based on these findings, two genetically-based drugs, named recombinant human leptin and setmelanotide, have been formulated and shown to significantly reduce food intake, body weight, and fat mass. This suggests that when the genetic etiology of obesity is fully understood, the disease’s treatment and prevention will improve. Healthcare providers are urged to develop genetically-based personalized treatments for obese patients.